Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

“Beden Kültürü ve Spor Günlük Hayatın Parçası Olacak”: Orta Asya'nın Özbeki̇stan'ında Khruschev'i̇n Komüni̇st Sporları, 1953-1964

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan, 2155 - 2173, 24.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1297039

Öz

Lenin, 1920'lerin ortalarında Sovyet fiziksel kültürü ve sporunu başlattı ve Stalin, 1930'lar ve 1940'larda bunu önemli ölçüde organize etti. Bu, Stalin'in Kültür Devrimi'nin ve Sovyet modernitesinin uygulanmasının bir parçasıydı. Bu niteliksel araştırma makalesi, Kruşçev'in komünist lider olduğu dönemde (1953'ten 1964'e) kuruluşundan 33 yıl sonra fiziksel kültür ve sporu arastirir. Coğrafi odak noktası, en büyük nüfusa ve belli bir kentleşme düzeyine sahip Sovyet dönemi Orta Asya cumhuriyeti olan Özbekistan'dır. Makale Kruşçev'in Özbekistan'daki fiziksel kültürünün ve spor gelişiminin boyutunu araştırıyor. İngilizce'de çok az yayınlanmış araştırma bulunan bir konudur. Batı'dan ve eski Sovyetler Birliği'nden seçilmiş İngilizce ikincil kaynaklar kullanılarak, temel araştırma sorusu şu soruyu sormaktadır: (i) Kruşçev'in Özbekistan'daki fiziksel kültür ve spor üzerindeki çıktısı ve etkisi neydi? Küçük araştırma sorusu da bunu destekliyor: (ii) Erkek ve kadın sporcuların sayısı neydi ve ne tür kentsel spor alanları açıldı? Genel olarak makale, otoriter bir komünist rejimin, çoğunluğu Müslüman olan Türk ve İran bölgelerinde, özellikle şehirlerde, modern fiziksel kültür ve sporu geliştirmede giderek daha başarılı olduğunun altını çiziyor.

Kaynakça

  • Abazov, R, Culture and Customs of the Central Asian Republics, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 2007.
  • Akiner, S, Central Asia: New Arc of Crisis? London: Whitehall Paper Series, 1933.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, The Young Pioneers and the Komsomol of Uzbekistan: Soviet Citizenship and Values. Kindle Books, 2012.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, “Olympic Culture in Soviet Uzbekistan 1951-1991: International Prestige and Local Heroes”, Polyvocia: The SOAS Journal of Graduate Research (3), March (2011), s.1–16.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, “Soviet Physical Culture in Uzbekistan: Implementation and Social Impact”, in Sports and Coaching: Pasts and Futures, ed. Dave Day, Manchester: Manchester Metropolitan University, pp.105-122, 2012b.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, “Traditional Sports and Games among Central Asia’s Turkic Muslim Peoples, 1400 to 1850 AD: Training, Hunting, and Festivals”, Vakanuvis–International Journal of Historical Researches (7/2), September (2022), s.571-601.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket Hylton, “Modern and Folk Sports in Central Asia under Lenin and Stalin: Uzbekistan from 1925 to 1952”, Vakanuvis—International Journal of Historical Researches (4/2), Fall (2019), s.515–541.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, “Cultural Change in Central Asia: Brezhnev, Modern Sports, and Memories In Uzbekistan, 1964 to 1982”, History Studies–International Journal of History (12/1), February (2020), s.35-53.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, “Sport in Central Asia under Gorbachev: Uzbekistan from 1985 to 1991”, Vakanuvis–International Journal of Historical Researches (6/1), March (2021), s.1-35.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, Carlson, Richard, Social and Cultural Change in Central Asia: The Soviet Legacy, London: Routledge, 2014.
  • Bacon, Elizabeth, Central Asians Under Russian Rule: A Study in Culture Change, London: Cornell University, 1980.
  • Brown, A., Kaser, M., Smith, G, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Russia and the former Soviet Union, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
  • Cultural Establishments of Tashkent: A Brief Reference Book on Theatrical, Scientific and Cultural Instructive Establishments, Uzbek SSR: Goslitizdat, 1958.
  • Grant, Susan, Physical Culture and Sport in Soviet Society: Propaganda, Acculturation, and Transformation in the 1920s and 1930s, London: Routledge, 2013.
  • Katzer, N., Budy, S., Kohring, A., Zeller, M, Euphoria and Exhaustion: Modern Sport in Soviet Culture and Society, Frankfurt: CampusVerlag, 2010.
  • Kozlov, V, The Peoples of the Soviet Union, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988.
  • McReynolds, L, “Milieus and Memory: Introduction”, in Katzer, N., Budy, S., Kohring, A., Zeller, M, Euphoria and Exhaustion: Modern Sport in Soviet Culture and Society, Frankfurt: CampusVerlag, 2010.
  • O’Mahony, M, “Sites and Media: Introduction”, in Katzer, N., Budy, S., Kohring, A., Zeller, M, Euphoria and Exhaustion: Modern Sport in Soviet Culture and Society, Frankfurt: CampusVerlag, 2010.
  • Morton, H.W, “Transition to Communism: The Case of Soviet Sports”, Problems of Communism (9/6), November-December (1960), s.55-58.
  • Riordan, Jim, Sport in Soviet Society: Development of Sport and Physical Education in Russia and the USSR, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
  • Riordan, Jim, Soviet Sport: Background to the Olympics, New York: Washington Mews, 1980b.
  • Rywkin, Michael, Moscow’s Muslim Challenge: Soviet Central Asia, Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe 1980.
  • Timofeyev, A, and Kopytkin, Y, Soviet Sport: The Success Story, Moscow: Raduga Publishers, 1987.

“Physical Culture and Sport Will Become Part and Parcel of Everyday Life”: Khrushchev’s Communist Sports in Central Asia’s Uzbekistan, 1953 to 1964

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan, 2155 - 2173, 24.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1297039

Öz

Lenin commenced Soviet physical culture and sports during the mid-1920s, and Stalin organised it significantly during the 1930s and 1940s. It was part of Stalin’s Cultural Revolution and the implementation of Soviet modernity. This qualitative and quantitative research paper investigates physical culture and sports 33 years after its founding when Khrushchev was the communist leader (1953 to 1964). The geographic focus is on the Central Asian republic with the largest population and emerging urbanisation: Uzbekistan. The paper explores the extent of Khrushchev’s physical culture and sports development in that country. It is a topic with little published research in English. Using select English language secondary sources from the West and the former Soviet Union, the major research question asks (i) What were Khrushchev's output and impact on physical culture and sport in Uzbekistan? In support is the minor research question: (ii) What were the numbers of male and female sportspeople, and what type of urban sports sites opened? Overall, the paper highlights that an authoritarian communist regime was increasingly successful in developing modern physical culture and sports in the majority Muslim Turkic and Persian regions, primarily in the cities.

Destekleyen Kurum

SOAS, University of London

Kaynakça

  • Abazov, R, Culture and Customs of the Central Asian Republics, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 2007.
  • Akiner, S, Central Asia: New Arc of Crisis? London: Whitehall Paper Series, 1933.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, The Young Pioneers and the Komsomol of Uzbekistan: Soviet Citizenship and Values. Kindle Books, 2012.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, “Olympic Culture in Soviet Uzbekistan 1951-1991: International Prestige and Local Heroes”, Polyvocia: The SOAS Journal of Graduate Research (3), March (2011), s.1–16.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, “Soviet Physical Culture in Uzbekistan: Implementation and Social Impact”, in Sports and Coaching: Pasts and Futures, ed. Dave Day, Manchester: Manchester Metropolitan University, pp.105-122, 2012b.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, “Traditional Sports and Games among Central Asia’s Turkic Muslim Peoples, 1400 to 1850 AD: Training, Hunting, and Festivals”, Vakanuvis–International Journal of Historical Researches (7/2), September (2022), s.571-601.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket Hylton, “Modern and Folk Sports in Central Asia under Lenin and Stalin: Uzbekistan from 1925 to 1952”, Vakanuvis—International Journal of Historical Researches (4/2), Fall (2019), s.515–541.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, “Cultural Change in Central Asia: Brezhnev, Modern Sports, and Memories In Uzbekistan, 1964 to 1982”, History Studies–International Journal of History (12/1), February (2020), s.35-53.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, “Sport in Central Asia under Gorbachev: Uzbekistan from 1985 to 1991”, Vakanuvis–International Journal of Historical Researches (6/1), March (2021), s.1-35.
  • Akyildiz, Sevket, Carlson, Richard, Social and Cultural Change in Central Asia: The Soviet Legacy, London: Routledge, 2014.
  • Bacon, Elizabeth, Central Asians Under Russian Rule: A Study in Culture Change, London: Cornell University, 1980.
  • Brown, A., Kaser, M., Smith, G, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Russia and the former Soviet Union, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
  • Cultural Establishments of Tashkent: A Brief Reference Book on Theatrical, Scientific and Cultural Instructive Establishments, Uzbek SSR: Goslitizdat, 1958.
  • Grant, Susan, Physical Culture and Sport in Soviet Society: Propaganda, Acculturation, and Transformation in the 1920s and 1930s, London: Routledge, 2013.
  • Katzer, N., Budy, S., Kohring, A., Zeller, M, Euphoria and Exhaustion: Modern Sport in Soviet Culture and Society, Frankfurt: CampusVerlag, 2010.
  • Kozlov, V, The Peoples of the Soviet Union, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988.
  • McReynolds, L, “Milieus and Memory: Introduction”, in Katzer, N., Budy, S., Kohring, A., Zeller, M, Euphoria and Exhaustion: Modern Sport in Soviet Culture and Society, Frankfurt: CampusVerlag, 2010.
  • O’Mahony, M, “Sites and Media: Introduction”, in Katzer, N., Budy, S., Kohring, A., Zeller, M, Euphoria and Exhaustion: Modern Sport in Soviet Culture and Society, Frankfurt: CampusVerlag, 2010.
  • Morton, H.W, “Transition to Communism: The Case of Soviet Sports”, Problems of Communism (9/6), November-December (1960), s.55-58.
  • Riordan, Jim, Sport in Soviet Society: Development of Sport and Physical Education in Russia and the USSR, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
  • Riordan, Jim, Soviet Sport: Background to the Olympics, New York: Washington Mews, 1980b.
  • Rywkin, Michael, Moscow’s Muslim Challenge: Soviet Central Asia, Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe 1980.
  • Timofeyev, A, and Kopytkin, Y, Soviet Sport: The Success Story, Moscow: Raduga Publishers, 1987.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yakınçağ Asya Tarihi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sevket Akyildiz 0000-0001-9545-4432

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan

Kaynak Göster

APA Akyildiz, S. (2023). “Physical Culture and Sport Will Become Part and Parcel of Everyday Life”: Khrushchev’s Communist Sports in Central Asia’s Uzbekistan, 1953 to 1964. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan), 2155-2173. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1297039
AMA Akyildiz S. “Physical Culture and Sport Will Become Part and Parcel of Everyday Life”: Khrushchev’s Communist Sports in Central Asia’s Uzbekistan, 1953 to 1964. VAKANÜVİS. Ekim 2023;8(Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan):2155-2173. doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1297039
Chicago Akyildiz, Sevket. “‘Physical Culture and Sport Will Become Part and Parcel of Everyday Life’: Khrushchev’s Communist Sports in Central Asia’s Uzbekistan, 1953 to 1964”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 8, sy. Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan (Ekim 2023): 2155-73. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1297039.
EndNote Akyildiz S (01 Ekim 2023) “Physical Culture and Sport Will Become Part and Parcel of Everyday Life”: Khrushchev’s Communist Sports in Central Asia’s Uzbekistan, 1953 to 1964. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan 2155–2173.
IEEE S. Akyildiz, “‘Physical Culture and Sport Will Become Part and Parcel of Everyday Life’: Khrushchev’s Communist Sports in Central Asia’s Uzbekistan, 1953 to 1964”, VAKANÜVİS, c. 8, sy. Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan, ss. 2155–2173, 2023, doi: 10.24186/vakanuvis.1297039.
ISNAD Akyildiz, Sevket. “‘Physical Culture and Sport Will Become Part and Parcel of Everyday Life’: Khrushchev’s Communist Sports in Central Asia’s Uzbekistan, 1953 to 1964”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan (Ekim 2023), 2155-2173. https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1297039.
JAMA Akyildiz S. “Physical Culture and Sport Will Become Part and Parcel of Everyday Life”: Khrushchev’s Communist Sports in Central Asia’s Uzbekistan, 1953 to 1964. VAKANÜVİS. 2023;8:2155–2173.
MLA Akyildiz, Sevket. “‘Physical Culture and Sport Will Become Part and Parcel of Everyday Life’: Khrushchev’s Communist Sports in Central Asia’s Uzbekistan, 1953 to 1964”. Vakanüvis - Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 8, sy. Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan, 2023, ss. 2155-73, doi:10.24186/vakanuvis.1297039.
Vancouver Akyildiz S. “Physical Culture and Sport Will Become Part and Parcel of Everyday Life”: Khrushchev’s Communist Sports in Central Asia’s Uzbekistan, 1953 to 1964. VAKANÜVİS. 2023;8(Dr. Recep Yaşa’ya Armağan):2155-73.


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