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ÇOCUĞA YÖNELİK CİNSEL İSTİSMARIN AÇIĞA VURULMA SÜRECİ HAKKINDA BİR DERLEME

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 4, 1886 - 1912, 28.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.718306

Öz

Bu çalışmada cinsel istismarın açığa vurulma süreci ve bu süreci etkileyen etmenler incelenmiştir. Yapılan gözden geçirme çalışmasına göre, cinsel istismarın açığa vurma sürecini etkileyen etmenler cinsel istismara maruz bırakılan bireylerle ilgili etmenler ve çevresel etmenler olarak sınıflandırılmıştır.
Cinsel istismara maruz bırakılan bireylerle ilgili etmenler yaş, cinsiyet, duygusal ve bilişsel sebepler olarak; çevresel etmenler ise aileyle ilgili etmenler ve sosyo-kültürel etmenler olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu bulgulardan hareketle cinsel istismarın açığa vurulması sürecinde sosyal hizmetin yapabileceği katkılar tartışılmıştır.
Cinsel istismara maruz bırakılan bireylere destek koruma ve tedavi hizmetlerinin başlatılması için açığa vurma davranışını teşvik edecek sosyal hizmet çalışmaları yapılması çok önemlidir. Bunun için çocukları ve çocukların çevrelerini eğitici sosyal hizmet programlarının uygulanması önemlidir. Cinsel istismara maruz bırakılan tüm sosyo-ekonomik düzeydeki çocuk ve yetişkinler için ulaşılabilir sosyal hizmet kurumlarının var olması da cinsel istismarın açığa vurulması sürecini kolaylaştırabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Alaggia, R. (2004). Many ways of telling: Expanding conceptualizations of child sexual abuse disclosures. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 1213-1227
  • Alaggia, R. (2010). An Ecological Analysis of Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure: Considerations for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 19(1), 32–39.
  • Alaggia, R., & Kirshenbaum, S. (2005). Speaking the Unspeakable: Exploring the Impact of Family Dynamics on Child Sexual Abuse Disclosures. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 86(2), 227–234. doi:10.1606/1044-3894.2457
  • Alaggia, R., & Millington, G. (2008). Male Child Sexual Abuse: A Phenomenology of Betrayal. Clinical Social Work Journal, 36(3), 265–275. doi:10.1007/s10615-007-0144-y
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. (5. edisyon). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Assink, M., van der Put, C. E., Meeuwsen, M. W. C. M., de Jong, N. M., Oort, F. J., Stams, G. J. J. M., & Hoeve, M. (2019). Risk factors for child sexual abuse victimization: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 145(5), 459–489. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000188
  • Azzopardi, C., Eirich, R., Rash, C. L., MacDonald, S., & Madigan, S. (2018). A meta-analysis of the prevalence of child sexual abuse disclosure in forensic settings. Child Abuse & Neglect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.020
  • Bae, S. M., Kang, J. M., Hwang, I. C., Cho, H., & Cho, S.-J. (2017). Intelligence Is Associated With Voluntary Disclosure in Child Sexual Abuse Victims. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(3), 335–341. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.04.005
  • Bradley, A. R., & Wood, J. M. (1996). How do children tell? The disclosure process in child sexual abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20(9), 881–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(96)00077-4
  • Braithwaite, J. (2018). Colonized Silence: Confronting the Colonial Link in Rural Alaska Native Survivors’ Non-Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(6), 589–611. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2018.1491914
  • Brattfjell, M. L., & Flåm, A. M. (2019). “They were the ones that saw me and listened.” From child sexual abuse to disclosure: Adults’ recalls of the process towards final disclosure. Child Abuse and Neglect, 89, 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.022
  • Conte, J. R., & Berliner, L. (1981). Sexual abuse of children: implications for practice. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 62(10), 601–606. doi:10.1177/104438948106201004
  • Easton Wickham, R.& West, J. (2002). Therapeutic Work with Sexually Abused Children. Great Britain: Sage Publications.
  • Easton, S. D. (2013). Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse Among Adult Male Survivors. Clinical Social Work Journal, 41(4), 344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-012-0420-3
  • Easton, S. D. (2020). Disclosure of child sexual abuse: Directions for breaking new ground. Child Abuse & Neglect, 99, N.PAG. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104287
  • Faller, K. C. (2020). The child sexual abuse disclosure controversy: New perspectives on an abiding problem. Child Abuse & Neglect, 99, 104285. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104285
  • Fontes, L. A., & Plummer, C. (2010). Cultural Issues in Disclosures of Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 19(5), 491–518. doi:10.1080/10538712.2010.512520
  • Gagnier, C., & Collin-Vézina, D. (2016). The Disclosure Experiences of Male Child Sexual Abuse Survivors. Journal Of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(2), 221–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2016.1124308
  • Gilligan, P. & Akhtar, S. (2006). Cultural Barriers to the Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse in Asian Communities: Listening to What Women Say. The British Journal of Social Work, 36(8), 1361-1377.
  • Goodman-Brown, T. B., Edelstein, R. S., Goodman, G. S., Jones, D. P. & Gordon, D. S. (2003). Why children tell: a model of children’s disclosure of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(5), 525–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(03)00037-1
  • Herman, J. ( 2011). Travma ve iyileşme şiddetin sonuçları ev içi istismardan siyasi teröre. İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • Hershkowitz, I., Lanes, O., & Lamb, M. E. (2007). Exploring the disclosure of child sexual abuse with alleged victims and their parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(2), 111–123. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.09.004
  • Hunter, S. V. (2011). Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse as a Life-long Process: Implications for Health Professionals. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 32(2), 159-172.
  • Hunter, S.V. (2015). Perceptions of the Role of Mothers in the Disclosure and Nondisclosure of Child Sexual Abuse: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24, 887–907. DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2015.1092005
  • Kellogg, N. D., Koek, W., & Nienow, S. M. (2020). Factors that prevent, prompt, and delay disclosures in female victims of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 101, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104360
  • Lahtinen, H.-M., Laitila, A., Korkman, J., & Ellonen, N. (2018). Children’s disclosures of sexual abuse in a population-based sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 76, 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.10.011
  • Lam, K. Y. I. (2014). Factors Associated with Adolescents’ Disclosure of Sexual Abuse Experiences in Hong Kong. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23(7), 768–791. doi:10.1080/10538712.2014.950398
  • Leclerc, B., & Wortley, R. (2015). Predictors of victim disclosure in child sexual abuse: Additional evidence from a sample of incarcerated adult sex offenders. Child Abuse & Neglect, 43, 104–111. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.03.003
  • Lemaigre, C., Taylor, E. P., & Gittoes, C. (2017). Barriers and facilitators to disclosing sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review. Child Abuse & Neglect, 70, 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.05.009
  • Leone, C., Hawkins, L. B. & Bright, M. (2019) Minimizing Mistreatment by Female Adults: The Influence of Gender-Based Social Categories and Personality Differences on Attitudes about Child Sexual Abuse, The Journal of Psychology, 153:4, 361-382, DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2018.1541439
  • Linell, H. (2015). The process of disclosing child abuse: a study of Swedish Social Services protection in child abuse cases. Child & Family Social Work, 22, 11–19. doi:10.1111/cfs.12245
  • Loon, A.M. & Kralik, D.L.. (2008). Facilitating transition via group work with survivors of child sexual abuse. In: Child Sexual Abuse: Issues and Challenges. Editor: Megan J. Smith, pp. 87-107. New York: Nova Science Publishers.
  • Lovett, B. B. (2004). Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure: Maternal Response and Other Variables Impacting the Victim. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21(4), 355. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:casw.0000035221.78729.d6
  • Mathews, S., Hendricks, N., & Abrahams, N. (2016). A Psychosocial Understanding of Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure Among Female Children in South Africa. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(6), 636–654. doi:10.1080/10538712.2016.1199078
  • McElvaney, R. (2013). Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse: Delays, Non-disclosure and Partial Disclosure. What the Research Tells Us and Implications for Practice. Child Abuse Review, 24(3), 159–169. doi:10.1002/car.2280
  • McElvaney, R., Greene, S., & Hogan, D. (2011). Containing the Secret of Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(6), 1155–1175. doi:10.1177/0886260511424503
  • McElvaney, R., Moore, K., O’Reilly, K., Turner, R., Walsh, B., & Guerin, S. (2020). Child sexual abuse disclosures: Does age make a difference? Child Abuse & Neglect, 99, N.PAG. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104121
  • Melville, J. D., Kellogg, N. D., Perez, N., & Lukefahr, J. L. (2014). Assessment for self-blame and trauma symptoms during the medical evaluation of suspected sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(5), 851–857. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.01.020
  • Morrison, S. E., Bruce, C., & Wilson, S. (2018). Children’s Disclosure of Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research Exploring Barriers and Facilitators. Journal Of Chıld Sexual Abuse, 27(2), 176–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2018.1425943
  • O’Leary, P. J., & Barber, J. (2008). Gender Differences in Silencing Following Childhood Sexual Abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 17(2), 133–143. doi:10.1080/10538710801916416
  • O’Leary, P., Coohey, C., & Easton, S. D. (2010). The effect of severe child sexual abuse and disclosure on mental health during adulthood. Journal Of Child Sexual Abuse, 19(3), 275–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538711003781251
  • Paslı, F. (2017). Ci̇nsel İsti̇smara Uğrayan Çocuklarin Ekoloji̇k Si̇stem Yaklaşimi Açisindan İncelenmesi̇.. Retrieved from Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 39-53. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ir00559a&AN=tuda.article.357039&lang=tr&site=eds-live
  • Sanderson, C. (2006). Counselling adult survivors of child sexual abuse (3. edisyon). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Stiller, A., & Hellmann, D. F. (2017). In the aftermath of disclosing child sexual abuse: consequences, needs, and wishes. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 23(3), 251–265. doi:10.1080/13552600.2017.1318964
  • Tashjian, S. M., Goldfarb, D., Goodman, G. S., Quas, J. A., & Edelstein, R. (2016). Delay in disclosure of non-parental child sexual abuse in the context of emotional and physical maltreatment: A pilot study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 58, 149–159. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.020
  • Tashjian, S. M., Goldfarb, D., Goodman, G. S., Quas, J. A., & Edelstein, R. (2016). Delay in disclosure of non-parental child sexual abuse in the context of emotional and physical maltreatment: A pilot study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 58, 149–159. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.020
  • Tat, M. C., & Öztürk, A. (2019). Ecological System Model Approach to Self-Disclosure Process in Child Sexual Abuse. Current Approaches in Psychiatry / Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar, 11(3), 363–385. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.455511
  • Topçu, S. (2009). Cinsel istismar. Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • UNICEF. (2015).Cinsel İstismar Mağduru Çocuklara Bakım Kılavuzu İnsani yardım ortamlarında sağlık ve psikososyal hizmet sunucuları için kılavuz. https://www.unicef.org/turkey/raporlar/cinsel-istismar-ma%C4%9Fduru-%C3%A7ocuklara-bak%C4%B1m-k%C4%B1lavuzu
  • WHO. (1999). Report of the Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/65900.
  • Xiao, H. & Smith-Prince, J. (2015). Disclosure of childhood sexual abuse by adult survivors: Disclosure of child sexual abuse: The case of pacific Islanders. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24(4), 369–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2015.102229

A Review on The Process of Disclosing Child Sexual Abuse

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 4, 1886 - 1912, 28.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.718306

Öz

In this study, the process of disclosure of child sexual abuse and the factors affecting this process were examined. According to a review study conducted by examining the relevant literature, the factors affecting the disclosure process of child sexual abuse were classified as individual factors and environmental factors.
First of all, the disclosure of child sexual abuse in a process is handled on the basis of theoretical approaches. Then, individual factors affecting the disclosure of child sexual abuse were age, gender, emotional and cognitive factors; environmental factors are classified as family-related factors and socio-cultural factors. Based on these findings, the possible contributions in the field of social work in the process of disclosing child sexual abuse are discussed.
It is very important to conduct social work activities that will encourage disclosure behavior in order to initiate support, protection and treatment services for children who have been subjected to sexual abuse. For this, it is important to implement social work programs that educate children and their environment. The availability of accessible social service institutions for all children who were sexually abused can also facilitate the process of disclosing child sexual abuse.

Kaynakça

  • Alaggia, R. (2004). Many ways of telling: Expanding conceptualizations of child sexual abuse disclosures. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 1213-1227
  • Alaggia, R. (2010). An Ecological Analysis of Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure: Considerations for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 19(1), 32–39.
  • Alaggia, R., & Kirshenbaum, S. (2005). Speaking the Unspeakable: Exploring the Impact of Family Dynamics on Child Sexual Abuse Disclosures. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 86(2), 227–234. doi:10.1606/1044-3894.2457
  • Alaggia, R., & Millington, G. (2008). Male Child Sexual Abuse: A Phenomenology of Betrayal. Clinical Social Work Journal, 36(3), 265–275. doi:10.1007/s10615-007-0144-y
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. (5. edisyon). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Assink, M., van der Put, C. E., Meeuwsen, M. W. C. M., de Jong, N. M., Oort, F. J., Stams, G. J. J. M., & Hoeve, M. (2019). Risk factors for child sexual abuse victimization: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 145(5), 459–489. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000188
  • Azzopardi, C., Eirich, R., Rash, C. L., MacDonald, S., & Madigan, S. (2018). A meta-analysis of the prevalence of child sexual abuse disclosure in forensic settings. Child Abuse & Neglect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.020
  • Bae, S. M., Kang, J. M., Hwang, I. C., Cho, H., & Cho, S.-J. (2017). Intelligence Is Associated With Voluntary Disclosure in Child Sexual Abuse Victims. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(3), 335–341. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.04.005
  • Bradley, A. R., & Wood, J. M. (1996). How do children tell? The disclosure process in child sexual abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20(9), 881–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(96)00077-4
  • Braithwaite, J. (2018). Colonized Silence: Confronting the Colonial Link in Rural Alaska Native Survivors’ Non-Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(6), 589–611. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2018.1491914
  • Brattfjell, M. L., & Flåm, A. M. (2019). “They were the ones that saw me and listened.” From child sexual abuse to disclosure: Adults’ recalls of the process towards final disclosure. Child Abuse and Neglect, 89, 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.022
  • Conte, J. R., & Berliner, L. (1981). Sexual abuse of children: implications for practice. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 62(10), 601–606. doi:10.1177/104438948106201004
  • Easton Wickham, R.& West, J. (2002). Therapeutic Work with Sexually Abused Children. Great Britain: Sage Publications.
  • Easton, S. D. (2013). Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse Among Adult Male Survivors. Clinical Social Work Journal, 41(4), 344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-012-0420-3
  • Easton, S. D. (2020). Disclosure of child sexual abuse: Directions for breaking new ground. Child Abuse & Neglect, 99, N.PAG. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104287
  • Faller, K. C. (2020). The child sexual abuse disclosure controversy: New perspectives on an abiding problem. Child Abuse & Neglect, 99, 104285. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104285
  • Fontes, L. A., & Plummer, C. (2010). Cultural Issues in Disclosures of Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 19(5), 491–518. doi:10.1080/10538712.2010.512520
  • Gagnier, C., & Collin-Vézina, D. (2016). The Disclosure Experiences of Male Child Sexual Abuse Survivors. Journal Of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(2), 221–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2016.1124308
  • Gilligan, P. & Akhtar, S. (2006). Cultural Barriers to the Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse in Asian Communities: Listening to What Women Say. The British Journal of Social Work, 36(8), 1361-1377.
  • Goodman-Brown, T. B., Edelstein, R. S., Goodman, G. S., Jones, D. P. & Gordon, D. S. (2003). Why children tell: a model of children’s disclosure of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(5), 525–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(03)00037-1
  • Herman, J. ( 2011). Travma ve iyileşme şiddetin sonuçları ev içi istismardan siyasi teröre. İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • Hershkowitz, I., Lanes, O., & Lamb, M. E. (2007). Exploring the disclosure of child sexual abuse with alleged victims and their parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(2), 111–123. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.09.004
  • Hunter, S. V. (2011). Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse as a Life-long Process: Implications for Health Professionals. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 32(2), 159-172.
  • Hunter, S.V. (2015). Perceptions of the Role of Mothers in the Disclosure and Nondisclosure of Child Sexual Abuse: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24, 887–907. DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2015.1092005
  • Kellogg, N. D., Koek, W., & Nienow, S. M. (2020). Factors that prevent, prompt, and delay disclosures in female victims of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 101, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104360
  • Lahtinen, H.-M., Laitila, A., Korkman, J., & Ellonen, N. (2018). Children’s disclosures of sexual abuse in a population-based sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 76, 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.10.011
  • Lam, K. Y. I. (2014). Factors Associated with Adolescents’ Disclosure of Sexual Abuse Experiences in Hong Kong. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23(7), 768–791. doi:10.1080/10538712.2014.950398
  • Leclerc, B., & Wortley, R. (2015). Predictors of victim disclosure in child sexual abuse: Additional evidence from a sample of incarcerated adult sex offenders. Child Abuse & Neglect, 43, 104–111. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.03.003
  • Lemaigre, C., Taylor, E. P., & Gittoes, C. (2017). Barriers and facilitators to disclosing sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review. Child Abuse & Neglect, 70, 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.05.009
  • Leone, C., Hawkins, L. B. & Bright, M. (2019) Minimizing Mistreatment by Female Adults: The Influence of Gender-Based Social Categories and Personality Differences on Attitudes about Child Sexual Abuse, The Journal of Psychology, 153:4, 361-382, DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2018.1541439
  • Linell, H. (2015). The process of disclosing child abuse: a study of Swedish Social Services protection in child abuse cases. Child & Family Social Work, 22, 11–19. doi:10.1111/cfs.12245
  • Loon, A.M. & Kralik, D.L.. (2008). Facilitating transition via group work with survivors of child sexual abuse. In: Child Sexual Abuse: Issues and Challenges. Editor: Megan J. Smith, pp. 87-107. New York: Nova Science Publishers.
  • Lovett, B. B. (2004). Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure: Maternal Response and Other Variables Impacting the Victim. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21(4), 355. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:casw.0000035221.78729.d6
  • Mathews, S., Hendricks, N., & Abrahams, N. (2016). A Psychosocial Understanding of Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure Among Female Children in South Africa. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(6), 636–654. doi:10.1080/10538712.2016.1199078
  • McElvaney, R. (2013). Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse: Delays, Non-disclosure and Partial Disclosure. What the Research Tells Us and Implications for Practice. Child Abuse Review, 24(3), 159–169. doi:10.1002/car.2280
  • McElvaney, R., Greene, S., & Hogan, D. (2011). Containing the Secret of Child Sexual Abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(6), 1155–1175. doi:10.1177/0886260511424503
  • McElvaney, R., Moore, K., O’Reilly, K., Turner, R., Walsh, B., & Guerin, S. (2020). Child sexual abuse disclosures: Does age make a difference? Child Abuse & Neglect, 99, N.PAG. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104121
  • Melville, J. D., Kellogg, N. D., Perez, N., & Lukefahr, J. L. (2014). Assessment for self-blame and trauma symptoms during the medical evaluation of suspected sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(5), 851–857. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.01.020
  • Morrison, S. E., Bruce, C., & Wilson, S. (2018). Children’s Disclosure of Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research Exploring Barriers and Facilitators. Journal Of Chıld Sexual Abuse, 27(2), 176–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2018.1425943
  • O’Leary, P. J., & Barber, J. (2008). Gender Differences in Silencing Following Childhood Sexual Abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 17(2), 133–143. doi:10.1080/10538710801916416
  • O’Leary, P., Coohey, C., & Easton, S. D. (2010). The effect of severe child sexual abuse and disclosure on mental health during adulthood. Journal Of Child Sexual Abuse, 19(3), 275–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538711003781251
  • Paslı, F. (2017). Ci̇nsel İsti̇smara Uğrayan Çocuklarin Ekoloji̇k Si̇stem Yaklaşimi Açisindan İncelenmesi̇.. Retrieved from Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 39-53. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ir00559a&AN=tuda.article.357039&lang=tr&site=eds-live
  • Sanderson, C. (2006). Counselling adult survivors of child sexual abuse (3. edisyon). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Stiller, A., & Hellmann, D. F. (2017). In the aftermath of disclosing child sexual abuse: consequences, needs, and wishes. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 23(3), 251–265. doi:10.1080/13552600.2017.1318964
  • Tashjian, S. M., Goldfarb, D., Goodman, G. S., Quas, J. A., & Edelstein, R. (2016). Delay in disclosure of non-parental child sexual abuse in the context of emotional and physical maltreatment: A pilot study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 58, 149–159. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.020
  • Tashjian, S. M., Goldfarb, D., Goodman, G. S., Quas, J. A., & Edelstein, R. (2016). Delay in disclosure of non-parental child sexual abuse in the context of emotional and physical maltreatment: A pilot study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 58, 149–159. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.020
  • Tat, M. C., & Öztürk, A. (2019). Ecological System Model Approach to Self-Disclosure Process in Child Sexual Abuse. Current Approaches in Psychiatry / Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar, 11(3), 363–385. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.455511
  • Topçu, S. (2009). Cinsel istismar. Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • UNICEF. (2015).Cinsel İstismar Mağduru Çocuklara Bakım Kılavuzu İnsani yardım ortamlarında sağlık ve psikososyal hizmet sunucuları için kılavuz. https://www.unicef.org/turkey/raporlar/cinsel-istismar-ma%C4%9Fduru-%C3%A7ocuklara-bak%C4%B1m-k%C4%B1lavuzu
  • WHO. (1999). Report of the Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/65900.
  • Xiao, H. & Smith-Prince, J. (2015). Disclosure of childhood sexual abuse by adult survivors: Disclosure of child sexual abuse: The case of pacific Islanders. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24(4), 369–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2015.102229
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Guler Gunes Aslan 0000-0002-6509-8278

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Gunes Aslan, G. (2020). ÇOCUĞA YÖNELİK CİNSEL İSTİSMARIN AÇIĞA VURULMA SÜRECİ HAKKINDA BİR DERLEME. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 31(4), 1886-1912. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.718306