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AHMEDÎLİK’TE HİLAFET EKSENLİ AYRIŞMALAR

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 862 - 903, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18403/emakalat.1029679

Öz

Ahmedîlik, Mirza Gulam Ahmed’i merkeze alan bir dinî anlayış çerçevesinde, hilafette de onun soyu merkezli bir hilafet tasavvuru geliştirmiştir. Süreç içerisinde hilafet müessesesi bir nevi veraset sistemine dönüşmüştür. Bu tasavvur, mezhep içerisinde hem Mirza Gulam Ahmed figürünün güçlenmesine hem de onun soyundan gelen halifelerin yegâne otorite olarak değerlendirilmelerine neden olmuştur.
Mirza Gulam Ahmed’in soyunun güçlenmesi ise başka aile üyelerinin de hilafet talebinde bulunmasına neden olmuştur. “Sar-sabz-Ahmediyyet” adlı bir Ahmedî grubun ortaya çıkışı bu şekildedir.
Ahmedîliğin, bir nevi verasetle yönetilmesi, soy bağı bulunmayanların da hilafette hak talep etmelerine neden olmuştur. Bu kişiler, yönetim işinde başta kendileri olmak üzere, Gulâmî soy bağı bulunmayanların da hilafet haklarının olması gerektiğini savunarak yeni ayrılıkçı hareketler kurmuşlardır.
Hilafet içerisinden ilk ayrılıkçı hareketler ise 1935’lerde Nijerya’daki Ahmedîler arasından “Nijerya, İslam’da Ahmediye Hareketi” ve 1974’te bu yeni hareketin içerisinden çıkan “Nijerya’nın Envaru’l-İslam Hareketi” isimli hareketlerle söz konusu olmuştur.
Günümüz Ahmedîliğinde ise hilafet sistemine daha fazla eleştiri gelmeye ve ayrılıkçı hareketler daha fazla görünmeye başlamıştır. Bu hareketlerin ortak noktaları ise kendilerini “hakiki Ahmedîlik” olarak görmeleri, Mirza Gulam Ahmed merkezli bir din anlayışına sahip olmaları ve halife otoritesini reddetmeleridir. Bu hareketler, “Cemaatu’s-Sahihi’l-İslam”, “Cemaatü’l-Ahmadiyyeti’l-Müslimîn”, “Cemaatü’l-Ahmadiyyet’il-Islah Pasand”, “Cemaatü’l-Ahmadiyyeti’l-Hakikî” şeklindedir. Bu makalede, Ahmedîlik içerisinde yaşanan hilafet eksenli ayrışmalar konu edilecektir.

Teşekkür

Çalışmayı okuyup öneri ve eleştirileriyle gelişmesini sağlayan meslektaşlarım Esra Gülnihal ve Muhammed Nurullah Gündüz’e çok teşekkür ederim. Bilhassa yazı hakemlerine de çalışmanın geliştirilmesi noktasında yaptıkları katkılardan dolayı teşekkürü borç bilirim.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Abdulhadi, Sheikh. Basics of Religious Education. Canada, 1997.
  • Referans2 Aclûnî, İsmail b Muhammed. Keşfü’l-Hafâi ve Müzîlü’l-İlbâs. C. 2. yy: Mektebetü’l-İlmi’l-Hadîs, tz.
  • Referans3 Adamson, Iain. A Man of God: The Life of His Holiness Khalifatu’l Masih IV of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam. Great Britain: Islam International Publications, 1991.
  • Referans4 Azim, Munir Ahmad. The Finality of Prophethood: A Wrrong Concept. yy, 2014.
  • Referans5 Bismil, A. Aftab. Souvenir Presented by Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam, New York Jamaat, Ahmadiyya Muslim Centenary 1889-1989. New York, 1989.
  • Referans6 Dard, A. R. Life of Ahmad(A̳s)̳: Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement. Tilford, Surrey: Islam International Publications, 2008.
  • Referans7 Domun, Zafrullah. “I am to You A Sincere Counselor”, 10 Ekim 2007. http://www.jaam-international.org/eng/dec/newdec.htm,.
  • Referans8 “Dr. Nasir Ahmad Sultani Mujaddid 15th Century Hijrah”. Erişim 04 Mayıs 2018. https://www.facebook.com/alahmadiyyah/.
  • Referans9 “Election of Khalifa IV&V Conducted in Violation of the Set Rules”. Erişim 10 Mayıs 2018. http://greenahmadiyyat.org/English%20Documents/Wrongful%20Election%20of%20Khalifa%20IV%20-%20V.pdf.
  • Referans10 Friedmann, Yohanan. Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmedî Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003.
  • Referans11 Ghulam Ahmad. “Biography of Ayub-Ahmadiyyat Hazrat Mirza Rafi Ahmad”, 04 Kasım 2006. http://greenahmadiyyat.org/Green%20Ahmadiyyat%20English%20Section.htm.
  • Referans12 “Hazret Mirza Beşirüddin Mahmud Ahmed’in (ra) Hayatı (Muslih Mevud)”. Erişim 07 Nisan 2017. http://www.ahmediye.org/kisiler/mirza-besiruddin-mahmud-ahmed/917-hazret-mirza-beirueddin-mahmud-ahmedin-radiyallahu-anhue-hayat-muslih-mevud.html.
  • Referans13 “Jama’at Ahmadiyya Islah Pasand”. Erişim 07 Kasım 2021. https://www.facebook.com/alghulam.co.uk.
  • Referans14 “Jamaat Ul Sahih Al Islam Arise& Create a New World”. Erişim 08 Mayıs 2018. http://www.jamaat-ul-sahih-al-islam.com/jusai_files/indexeng.htm. “Jamia Ahmadiyya United Kingdom An Institute of Theology and Modern Languages”. Erişim 09 Ekim 2021. https://www.jamiaahmadiyya.uk/.
  • Referans15 Janbah, Abdul Ghaffar. “For Jamaat Ahmadiyya, moment to ponder”. Erişim 05 Mayıs 2018. http://alghulam.co.uk/Documents/Moment%20to%20ponder%20for%20Jamaat%20Ahmadiyya%20Islah%20Pasand_1.pdf.
  • Referans16 Janbah, Abdul Ghaffar. “Jamaat Ahmadiyya Islah Pasand”, 2009. http://alghulam.co.uk/Documents/Jamaat%20Ahmadiyya%20Islah%20Pasand_1.pdf.
  • Referans16 Janbah, Abdul Ghaffar. “Our Beliefs”. Erişim 05 Mayıs 2018. http://alghulam.co.uk/Documents/Our%20Beliefs.pdf.
  • Referans17 Janbah, Abdul Ghaffar. “Rustgari Fund”, 2010. http://alghulam.co.uk/Documents/Rustgari%20Fund.pdf.
  • Referans18 Kallon, Tommy. “Introduction to Khilafat”. İçinde Centenary Khilafat Ahmadiyya 1908-2008, Tariq Souvenir. UK, 2008.
  • Referans19 Khan, Adil Khussain. From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: a Muslim minority movement in South Asia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015.
  • Referans20 Khan, Muhamed Zafrullah. Hazrat Maulvi Nooruddeen Khalifatu’l Masih I. UK: Islam International Publications, 2006.
  • Referans21 “Khilafat Moves to London”. Tariq Magazine, 2004.
  • Referans22 Küçüköner, Halide Rumeysa. “Kadiyâniliğin Isim ve İçerik Bakimindan Kendisini Konumlandirma Problemi”. e-Şarkiyat İlmi Araştırmalar Dergisi/Journal of Oriental Scientific Research (JOSR) 11, sy 2 (24) (Ağustos 2019): 669-83.
  • Referans23 Küçüköner, Halide Rumeysa. “Mirza Beşiruddin Mahmud Ahmed ve Ahmediye Cemaati’ndeki Yeri,”. (Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü YayımlanmamışYüksek Lisans Tezi), 2011.
  • Referans24 Küçüköner, Halide Rumeysa. “Mirza Gulam Ahmed ve Ahmedîlerin Mirza Gulam Ahmed Telakkisi”. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, 2018.
  • Referans25 “Life Sketch and Services of Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad – Khalifatul MasihV”. Erişim 07 Nisan 2017. https://www.alislam.org/library/articles/khalifatul-masih5.pdf.
  • Referans26 Mahmud Ahmed, Mirza Beşiruddin. Ahmediyete Davet. Çeviren Raşit Paktürk. Surrey: Islam International Publications, 2013.
  • Referans27 ———. Khilafat-e Rashidah. UK: Islam International Publications, 2009.
  • Referans28 ———. Minhacu’t-Talibin. Çeviren Syeed Ateeq Ahmad. UK: Islam International Publications, 2014.
  • Referans29 Malik, Iftikhar H. “Religious Minorities in Pakistan”. UK: Minortiy Rights Group International Report, 2002.
  • Referans30 Mirza Gulam Ahmad. A Misconception Removed. UK: Islam International Publications, 2007.
  • Referans30 ———. Barāhīn-i Ahmadiyya. C. 5. 1-5 c. UK: Islam International Publications, 2018.
  • Referans31 ———. Haqiqatu’l Vahy, Rūhānī Khazā’in. C. 22. London, 1984.
  • Referans32 ———. Tadhkirah. Surrey: Islam International Publications, 2009.
  • Referans33 ———. The Essence of Islam. Çeviren Chaudhry Muhammad Zafrullan Khan. C. 1-4. Great Britain: Islam International Publications, 2007.
  • Referans34 ———. The Honour of Prophets. UK: Islam International Publications, 2017.
  • Referans35———. “The Messenger of the Latter Days”. Review of Religions, 1907.
  • Referans36 ———. Vasiyet. Çeviren Jalal Şems. Turkey, 2008.
  • Referans37 Mirza Gulam Ahmed. Addendum to the Booklet Jihad. Çeviren Tayyba Seema Ahmad ve Lutfur Rahman. UK: Islam International Publications, 2006.
  • Referans38 ———. “Notes and Comments -Progress of the Ahmadiyya Sect-”. The Review of Religions, sy 1 (Ocak 1903): 41-42.
  • Referans39 Mirza Masrur Ahmad. Tabligh and Revival of Islam. Cuma Hutbesi, 2010.
  • Referans40 Mirza Tahir Ahmad. Islam’s Response to Contemporary Issues. Tilford: Islam International Publications, 2007.
  • Referans41 “Mirza Tahir Ahmad”. Erişim 07 Nisan 2017. http://www.ahmediye.org/kisiler/mirza-tahir-ahmed.html.
  • Referans42 Muhammad Ali. “A Short Sketch of the Ahmadiyya Movement”. Review of Religions, sy 5 (1906): 171-205.
  • Referans43 “Pakistan Arrests ‘Muslim Reformer’ for Blasphemy”. Rabwah Times, 01 Nisan 2017. https://www.rabwah.net/pakistan-arrests-muslim-reformer-blasphemy/.
  • Referans44 “Requirements of Mujaddid Imam-uz-Zaman”. Erişim 08 Mayıs 2018. http://greenahmadiyyat.org/English%20Documents/Requirements%20of%20Mujaddid%20Imam%20uz%20Zaman.pdf.
  • Referans45 “Resemblance of Hadhrat Mirza Rafi Ahmad with Hadhrat Isa”. Erişim 08 Mayıs 2018. http://greenahmadiyyat.org/English%20Documents/Resemblance%20with%20Hadhrat%20Isa.pdf.
  • Referans46 Saeed, Sadia. “Pakistani Nationalism and the State Marginalisation of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan”. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 7, sy 3 (Aralık 2007): 132-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9469.2007.tb00166.x.
  • Referans47 “Self-Proclaimed Reformer Dr. Nasir Ahmad Sultani”, 11 Mayıs 2020. https://islamsalvationfromhell.blogspot.com/.
  • Referans48 “Seven Arguments in Support of the ‘Letter Conspiracy”. Erişim 03 Mayıs 2018. https://www.alislam.org/library/book/outset-dissension-islam/seven-arguments-support-letter-conspiracy/.
  • Referans49 Şems, Muhammed Celal. Hilafet. Londra: Islam International Publications, 2008.
  • Referans50 “The Muhyi-ud-Din Munir Ahmad Azim- The Course of His Life –Munadane and Spiritual”. Erişim 09 Mayıs 2018. http://www.jamaat-ul-sahih-al-islam.com/jusai_files/biomaaeng.htm.
  • Referans51 Valentine, Simon Ross. Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama’at, History, Belief, Practice. London: Hurst Publishers, 2008.
  • Referans52 “Zafrullah Domun A Profile”. Erişim 09 Mayıs 2018. http://www.jaam-international.org/eng/dec/zd_profile.htm.
  • Referans53 Zirvi, Karimullah. Welcome to Ahmadiyyat The True Islam. Surrey: Islam International Publications, 2010.
  • Referans54 Nawa-e-Waqt Newspaper. 27 Haziran 1974.

The Splits Based on Caliphate in Ahmadiyya

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 862 - 903, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18403/emakalat.1029679

Öz

Within the framework of the religious discourse centered on Mirzā Ghulām Ahmad, Ahmadīs evolved a conception of the caliphate centered on his lineage in the caliphate. In time, the institution of caliphate transformed to a kind of hereditary succession system. This understanding led to both the strengthening of the figure of Mirzā Ghulām Ahmad and the evaluation of his descendants as the sole authority in the movement.
The strengthening of the Ghulāmī family, which expresses the lineage of Mirzā Ghulām Ahmad, caused the first-degree family members of the Ghulāmī lineage to demand caliphate as well. As a matter of fact, this is how a new Ahmadī group called "Sar-sabz-Ahmedīyyat" emerged.
The rule of Ahmadiyya by a kind of hereditary succession system caused those who did not have a lineage to claim the rights on the caliphate. These people established new separatist movements, arguing that those who did not have Ghulami lineage, especially themselves, should have had the right to the caliphate.
The first separatist movements within the caliphate were “Ahmadīyya Movement in Islam, Nigeria” from the Ahmadis in Nigeria in 1935 and “Anwar-ul Islam Movement of Nigeria” that emerged from this new movement in 1974.
When it comes to today's Ahmadīyya, there has been more criticism on the caliphate system based on lineage within the movement, and separatist movements have begun to emerge. The common points of these movements are that they accept themselves as "true Ahmadīs", having a religious understanding based on Mirzā Ghulām Ahmad and rejecting the authority of the caliph. The names of these movements are "Jamaat-ul Sahih'al Islam", "Jamaat-e Ahmadiyya al-Muslimin", "Jamaat-u Ahmadiyya Islah Pasand", "Jamaat-e Ahmadiyya Haqiqi". In this article, these caliphate-oriented divisions within Ahmadis will be discussed.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Abdulhadi, Sheikh. Basics of Religious Education. Canada, 1997.
  • Referans2 Aclûnî, İsmail b Muhammed. Keşfü’l-Hafâi ve Müzîlü’l-İlbâs. C. 2. yy: Mektebetü’l-İlmi’l-Hadîs, tz.
  • Referans3 Adamson, Iain. A Man of God: The Life of His Holiness Khalifatu’l Masih IV of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam. Great Britain: Islam International Publications, 1991.
  • Referans4 Azim, Munir Ahmad. The Finality of Prophethood: A Wrrong Concept. yy, 2014.
  • Referans5 Bismil, A. Aftab. Souvenir Presented by Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam, New York Jamaat, Ahmadiyya Muslim Centenary 1889-1989. New York, 1989.
  • Referans6 Dard, A. R. Life of Ahmad(A̳s)̳: Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement. Tilford, Surrey: Islam International Publications, 2008.
  • Referans7 Domun, Zafrullah. “I am to You A Sincere Counselor”, 10 Ekim 2007. http://www.jaam-international.org/eng/dec/newdec.htm,.
  • Referans8 “Dr. Nasir Ahmad Sultani Mujaddid 15th Century Hijrah”. Erişim 04 Mayıs 2018. https://www.facebook.com/alahmadiyyah/.
  • Referans9 “Election of Khalifa IV&V Conducted in Violation of the Set Rules”. Erişim 10 Mayıs 2018. http://greenahmadiyyat.org/English%20Documents/Wrongful%20Election%20of%20Khalifa%20IV%20-%20V.pdf.
  • Referans10 Friedmann, Yohanan. Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmedî Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003.
  • Referans11 Ghulam Ahmad. “Biography of Ayub-Ahmadiyyat Hazrat Mirza Rafi Ahmad”, 04 Kasım 2006. http://greenahmadiyyat.org/Green%20Ahmadiyyat%20English%20Section.htm.
  • Referans12 “Hazret Mirza Beşirüddin Mahmud Ahmed’in (ra) Hayatı (Muslih Mevud)”. Erişim 07 Nisan 2017. http://www.ahmediye.org/kisiler/mirza-besiruddin-mahmud-ahmed/917-hazret-mirza-beirueddin-mahmud-ahmedin-radiyallahu-anhue-hayat-muslih-mevud.html.
  • Referans13 “Jama’at Ahmadiyya Islah Pasand”. Erişim 07 Kasım 2021. https://www.facebook.com/alghulam.co.uk.
  • Referans14 “Jamaat Ul Sahih Al Islam Arise& Create a New World”. Erişim 08 Mayıs 2018. http://www.jamaat-ul-sahih-al-islam.com/jusai_files/indexeng.htm. “Jamia Ahmadiyya United Kingdom An Institute of Theology and Modern Languages”. Erişim 09 Ekim 2021. https://www.jamiaahmadiyya.uk/.
  • Referans15 Janbah, Abdul Ghaffar. “For Jamaat Ahmadiyya, moment to ponder”. Erişim 05 Mayıs 2018. http://alghulam.co.uk/Documents/Moment%20to%20ponder%20for%20Jamaat%20Ahmadiyya%20Islah%20Pasand_1.pdf.
  • Referans16 Janbah, Abdul Ghaffar. “Jamaat Ahmadiyya Islah Pasand”, 2009. http://alghulam.co.uk/Documents/Jamaat%20Ahmadiyya%20Islah%20Pasand_1.pdf.
  • Referans16 Janbah, Abdul Ghaffar. “Our Beliefs”. Erişim 05 Mayıs 2018. http://alghulam.co.uk/Documents/Our%20Beliefs.pdf.
  • Referans17 Janbah, Abdul Ghaffar. “Rustgari Fund”, 2010. http://alghulam.co.uk/Documents/Rustgari%20Fund.pdf.
  • Referans18 Kallon, Tommy. “Introduction to Khilafat”. İçinde Centenary Khilafat Ahmadiyya 1908-2008, Tariq Souvenir. UK, 2008.
  • Referans19 Khan, Adil Khussain. From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: a Muslim minority movement in South Asia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015.
  • Referans20 Khan, Muhamed Zafrullah. Hazrat Maulvi Nooruddeen Khalifatu’l Masih I. UK: Islam International Publications, 2006.
  • Referans21 “Khilafat Moves to London”. Tariq Magazine, 2004.
  • Referans22 Küçüköner, Halide Rumeysa. “Kadiyâniliğin Isim ve İçerik Bakimindan Kendisini Konumlandirma Problemi”. e-Şarkiyat İlmi Araştırmalar Dergisi/Journal of Oriental Scientific Research (JOSR) 11, sy 2 (24) (Ağustos 2019): 669-83.
  • Referans23 Küçüköner, Halide Rumeysa. “Mirza Beşiruddin Mahmud Ahmed ve Ahmediye Cemaati’ndeki Yeri,”. (Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü YayımlanmamışYüksek Lisans Tezi), 2011.
  • Referans24 Küçüköner, Halide Rumeysa. “Mirza Gulam Ahmed ve Ahmedîlerin Mirza Gulam Ahmed Telakkisi”. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, 2018.
  • Referans25 “Life Sketch and Services of Hadrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad – Khalifatul MasihV”. Erişim 07 Nisan 2017. https://www.alislam.org/library/articles/khalifatul-masih5.pdf.
  • Referans26 Mahmud Ahmed, Mirza Beşiruddin. Ahmediyete Davet. Çeviren Raşit Paktürk. Surrey: Islam International Publications, 2013.
  • Referans27 ———. Khilafat-e Rashidah. UK: Islam International Publications, 2009.
  • Referans28 ———. Minhacu’t-Talibin. Çeviren Syeed Ateeq Ahmad. UK: Islam International Publications, 2014.
  • Referans29 Malik, Iftikhar H. “Religious Minorities in Pakistan”. UK: Minortiy Rights Group International Report, 2002.
  • Referans30 Mirza Gulam Ahmad. A Misconception Removed. UK: Islam International Publications, 2007.
  • Referans30 ———. Barāhīn-i Ahmadiyya. C. 5. 1-5 c. UK: Islam International Publications, 2018.
  • Referans31 ———. Haqiqatu’l Vahy, Rūhānī Khazā’in. C. 22. London, 1984.
  • Referans32 ———. Tadhkirah. Surrey: Islam International Publications, 2009.
  • Referans33 ———. The Essence of Islam. Çeviren Chaudhry Muhammad Zafrullan Khan. C. 1-4. Great Britain: Islam International Publications, 2007.
  • Referans34 ———. The Honour of Prophets. UK: Islam International Publications, 2017.
  • Referans35———. “The Messenger of the Latter Days”. Review of Religions, 1907.
  • Referans36 ———. Vasiyet. Çeviren Jalal Şems. Turkey, 2008.
  • Referans37 Mirza Gulam Ahmed. Addendum to the Booklet Jihad. Çeviren Tayyba Seema Ahmad ve Lutfur Rahman. UK: Islam International Publications, 2006.
  • Referans38 ———. “Notes and Comments -Progress of the Ahmadiyya Sect-”. The Review of Religions, sy 1 (Ocak 1903): 41-42.
  • Referans39 Mirza Masrur Ahmad. Tabligh and Revival of Islam. Cuma Hutbesi, 2010.
  • Referans40 Mirza Tahir Ahmad. Islam’s Response to Contemporary Issues. Tilford: Islam International Publications, 2007.
  • Referans41 “Mirza Tahir Ahmad”. Erişim 07 Nisan 2017. http://www.ahmediye.org/kisiler/mirza-tahir-ahmed.html.
  • Referans42 Muhammad Ali. “A Short Sketch of the Ahmadiyya Movement”. Review of Religions, sy 5 (1906): 171-205.
  • Referans43 “Pakistan Arrests ‘Muslim Reformer’ for Blasphemy”. Rabwah Times, 01 Nisan 2017. https://www.rabwah.net/pakistan-arrests-muslim-reformer-blasphemy/.
  • Referans44 “Requirements of Mujaddid Imam-uz-Zaman”. Erişim 08 Mayıs 2018. http://greenahmadiyyat.org/English%20Documents/Requirements%20of%20Mujaddid%20Imam%20uz%20Zaman.pdf.
  • Referans45 “Resemblance of Hadhrat Mirza Rafi Ahmad with Hadhrat Isa”. Erişim 08 Mayıs 2018. http://greenahmadiyyat.org/English%20Documents/Resemblance%20with%20Hadhrat%20Isa.pdf.
  • Referans46 Saeed, Sadia. “Pakistani Nationalism and the State Marginalisation of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan”. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 7, sy 3 (Aralık 2007): 132-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9469.2007.tb00166.x.
  • Referans47 “Self-Proclaimed Reformer Dr. Nasir Ahmad Sultani”, 11 Mayıs 2020. https://islamsalvationfromhell.blogspot.com/.
  • Referans48 “Seven Arguments in Support of the ‘Letter Conspiracy”. Erişim 03 Mayıs 2018. https://www.alislam.org/library/book/outset-dissension-islam/seven-arguments-support-letter-conspiracy/.
  • Referans49 Şems, Muhammed Celal. Hilafet. Londra: Islam International Publications, 2008.
  • Referans50 “The Muhyi-ud-Din Munir Ahmad Azim- The Course of His Life –Munadane and Spiritual”. Erişim 09 Mayıs 2018. http://www.jamaat-ul-sahih-al-islam.com/jusai_files/biomaaeng.htm.
  • Referans51 Valentine, Simon Ross. Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama’at, History, Belief, Practice. London: Hurst Publishers, 2008.
  • Referans52 “Zafrullah Domun A Profile”. Erişim 09 Mayıs 2018. http://www.jaam-international.org/eng/dec/zd_profile.htm.
  • Referans53 Zirvi, Karimullah. Welcome to Ahmadiyyat The True Islam. Surrey: Islam International Publications, 2010.
  • Referans54 Nawa-e-Waqt Newspaper. 27 Haziran 1974.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Halide Rumeysa Küçüköner 0000-0002-0141-8287

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Kasım 2021
Kabul Tarihi 19 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Küçüköner, Halide Rumeysa. “AHMEDÎLİK’TE HİLAFET EKSENLİ AYRIŞMALAR”. e-Makalat Mezhep Araştırmaları Dergisi 14/2 (Aralık 2021), 862-903. https://doi.org/10.18403/emakalat.1029679.

_____________________________________  ISSN 1309-5803 e-Makâlât Mezhep Araştırmaları Dergisi  _______________________________