Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

Öz

In order to understand Teoman Duralı's understanding of metaphysics, it is first necessary to grasp his understanding of philosophy and science. Duralı, in addition to examining the science of biology from a philosophical of view, introduced the concept of "philosophy-science" to the Turkish philosophical community and insisted that "philosophy and science cannot be separated from each other". He put forward his unique way of thinking by using the concepts of philosophy and science together as "philosophy-science". For this reason, Teoman Duralı, who thinks that philosophy cannot be without science and science cannot be without philosophy, and who is based on the idea that philosophy should be done on an accountable basis, is of the opinion that philosophy cannot be carried out independently of scientific data. Because, according to Duralı, philosophy does not deal with questions that it cannot explain. Duralı's thoughts on the question of what philosophy-science is and what kind of changes these concepts have undergone from Aristotle to the present are extremely didactic. According to Duralı, it is the product of an effort so comprehensive that it cannot be considered one-dimensional, based on philosophy-science, logic, culture, physics and metaphysics, vitality, evolution and morality. Duralı draws attention to the fact that the essence of philosophy and science is hidden in Aristotle's understanding of philosophy-science. Contrary to philosophy and science, Duralı argues that metaphysics and religion can never reconcile. Since metaphysics is built with pure reason, religion has a content that cannot be proven with reason. Based on these considerations, it should not be concluded that Duralı is against religion and belief. According to Duralı, belief is a matter of feeling. In addition, it is not possible for a believer to show evidence for his belief and an unbeliever's denial. Saying that it would be wrong to conclude that there can be no reasoning about religious belief in this respect, Duralı emphasizes that the four basic principles of the mind should be acted upon while examining religions, and tries to explain the subjects of metaphysics, religion and morality from the past to the present through the filter of reason and logic.