Afrika’nın Verimli Arazilerinin Yabancı Yatırımcılarca Sahiplenilmesinde Gıda Güvenliği ve Biyoyakıt Faktörünün Önemi
Öz
Asya, Avrupa ve hatta Amerika’nın topraklarından 20. Yüzyıl boyunca modern tarım teknikleri ve kimyevi gübre kullanımı nedeniyle eskisi kadar verim alınamamaktadır. Üretim kalitesi açısından Afrika’nın bakir toprakları, bu anlamda, paha biçilmez bir değere sahiptir. Buna ilaveten, artan enerji gereksinimi ile birlikte fosil yakıtlarına olan ihtiyaç artmış ve fiyatları yükselmiştir; ancak, onların elde edildiği rezervlerde görülür bir azalma söz konusudur. Bu bağlamda ise bazı gelişmiş ülkelerde söz konusu biyoyakıtlara olan talepte gözlenmekte olan artışa bağlı olarak, mevcut ihtiyacın, Almanya, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Belçika, Danimarka, Fransa, İngiltere, İspanya, İsrail, İtalya, Kanada ve Norveç gibi ekilebilir arazileri sınırlı olan ülkeleri, son dönemde sistemli olarak, ya satın alma ya da uzun süreli kiralama yöntemiyle Afrika’nın söz konusu verimli toprakları ile ilgilenmeye yönelttiği gözlenmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Gıda Güvenliği, Biyoyakıt, Afrika, Çokuluslu Şirketler
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Badrinath, Raghuvir (2011), “Karuturi to outsource part of the 200 grand ha he is to receive soon to Indian farmers on 65:35 revenue sharing terms, Business Standard reports”,
- http://ethiopiaobservatory.com/2011/10/12/1911/
- Beyene, Atakilte (2011), “Smallholder-led transformation towards biofuel production in Ethiopia”, Biofuels, Food Security and Land Grabbing in Africa, içinde, Eds. Prosper B. Matondi, Kjell Havnevik, Atakilte Beyene, Zed Books, London & Nev York, 90-105.
- “Buying farmland abroad: Outsourcing’s third wave”, The Economist, 21 May, 2009,
- http://www. economist.com/node/13692889
- Havnevik, Kjell (2011), “Grabbing of African lands for energy and food: implications for land rights, food security and smallholders”, Biofuels, Land Grabbing and Food Security in Africa, içinde, Eds. Prosper B. Matondi, Kjell Havnevik, Atakilte Beyene, Zed Books, London & New York, 20-43.
- Havnevik, Kjell ve Hanne Haaland (2011), “Biofuel, land and environmental issues: the case of SEKAB’s biofuel plans in Tanzania”, Biofuels, Food Security and Land Grabbing in Africa, içinde, Eds. Prosper B. Matondi, Kjell Havnevik, Atakilte Beyene, Zed Books, London & New York, 106-133.
- “How Politicians Gave Away $100bn of Land”,
- http://www.oaklandinstitute.org/how-politiciansgave-away-100bn-land, 15 July 2012.
- Johnson, Jay (2013a), “Stop Squatters, Land Grabbing, Occupation and Colonization Nonsense”, South Sudan News Agency, March 22., (2013b), “South Sudan: More Cases of Land Grabs in South Sudan”, http://www.oaklandinstitute.org/south-sudan-more-cases-land-grabs-south-sudan (26 March).
- Matondi, Prosper B. (2011), “Agro-investments in Zimbabwe at a time of redistributive land reforms”, Biofuels, Food Security and Land Grabbing in Africa, içinde, Eds. Prosper B.
- Matondi, Kjell Havnevik, Atakilte Beyene, Zed Books, London & New York, 134-158.
- Matondi, Prosper B., Kjell Havnevik ve Atakilte Beyene, (2011) “Introduction: Biofuels, Food Security and Land Grabbing in Africa,” Biofuels, Food Security and Land Grabbing in Africa, içinde, Eds. Prosper B. Matondi, Kjell Havnevik, Atakilte Beyene, Zed Books, London & New York, 1-19.
- Mbodiam, Brice R. (2013), “Cameroun: Controverse Autour d’une Proposition de Bail Emphytéotique sur 12 000 ha, à Octroyer à Herakles Farms”, 20 Octobre (2013);
- http:// www.investiraucameroun.com/agriculture/2010-4710-cameroun-controverse-autour-dune-proposition-de-bail-emphyteotique-sur-12-000-ha-a-octroyer-a-herakles-farms
- Pauron, Michael (2013), “Cameroun: la Gestion des Terres en Question,” Jeune Afrique, 12
- Juillet (2013);
- http://economie.jeuneafrique.com/regions/afrique-subsaharienne/18458-cameroun-la-gestion-des-terres-en-question.html
- Posluschny-Treuner, Myra (2012), “International Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in Ethiopia: The Key to Trigger Agricultural Modernization, Development and Poverty Reduction?”, Paper presented at the 4th ECPR Graduate Conference, Jacobs University, Bremen 04
- July - 06 July (2012); http://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/188c56b8-10a2-4a9d-8706-12bbe0ace6fc.pdf
- Prášková, Dagmar Milerová (2012), Land Grabs in Africa: A Threat to Food Security, Prague Global Policy Institute, Prague (January).
- “The Scramble for African Land”, http://www.oaklandinstitute.org/scramble-african-land, 22 October 2012.
- Thaler, Kai (2013), “Large-Scale Land Acquisitions and Social Conflict in Africa”, Food Sovereignty: A Critical Dialogue International Conference, Yale University, 14-15
- September (2013), Conference Paper No: 22.
- http://www.iss.nl/fileadmin/ASSETS/iss/Research_and_projects/Research_networks/ICAS/22_Thaler_2013.pdf
Yıl 2014,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 20, 01.06.2014
Öz
Kaynakça
- Badrinath, Raghuvir (2011), “Karuturi to outsource part of the 200 grand ha he is to receive soon to Indian farmers on 65:35 revenue sharing terms, Business Standard reports”,
- http://ethiopiaobservatory.com/2011/10/12/1911/
- Beyene, Atakilte (2011), “Smallholder-led transformation towards biofuel production in Ethiopia”, Biofuels, Food Security and Land Grabbing in Africa, içinde, Eds. Prosper B. Matondi, Kjell Havnevik, Atakilte Beyene, Zed Books, London & Nev York, 90-105.
- “Buying farmland abroad: Outsourcing’s third wave”, The Economist, 21 May, 2009,
- http://www. economist.com/node/13692889
- Havnevik, Kjell (2011), “Grabbing of African lands for energy and food: implications for land rights, food security and smallholders”, Biofuels, Land Grabbing and Food Security in Africa, içinde, Eds. Prosper B. Matondi, Kjell Havnevik, Atakilte Beyene, Zed Books, London & New York, 20-43.
- Havnevik, Kjell ve Hanne Haaland (2011), “Biofuel, land and environmental issues: the case of SEKAB’s biofuel plans in Tanzania”, Biofuels, Food Security and Land Grabbing in Africa, içinde, Eds. Prosper B. Matondi, Kjell Havnevik, Atakilte Beyene, Zed Books, London & New York, 106-133.
- “How Politicians Gave Away $100bn of Land”,
- http://www.oaklandinstitute.org/how-politiciansgave-away-100bn-land, 15 July 2012.
- Johnson, Jay (2013a), “Stop Squatters, Land Grabbing, Occupation and Colonization Nonsense”, South Sudan News Agency, March 22., (2013b), “South Sudan: More Cases of Land Grabs in South Sudan”, http://www.oaklandinstitute.org/south-sudan-more-cases-land-grabs-south-sudan (26 March).
- Matondi, Prosper B. (2011), “Agro-investments in Zimbabwe at a time of redistributive land reforms”, Biofuels, Food Security and Land Grabbing in Africa, içinde, Eds. Prosper B.
- Matondi, Kjell Havnevik, Atakilte Beyene, Zed Books, London & New York, 134-158.
- Matondi, Prosper B., Kjell Havnevik ve Atakilte Beyene, (2011) “Introduction: Biofuels, Food Security and Land Grabbing in Africa,” Biofuels, Food Security and Land Grabbing in Africa, içinde, Eds. Prosper B. Matondi, Kjell Havnevik, Atakilte Beyene, Zed Books, London & New York, 1-19.
- Mbodiam, Brice R. (2013), “Cameroun: Controverse Autour d’une Proposition de Bail Emphytéotique sur 12 000 ha, à Octroyer à Herakles Farms”, 20 Octobre (2013);
- http:// www.investiraucameroun.com/agriculture/2010-4710-cameroun-controverse-autour-dune-proposition-de-bail-emphyteotique-sur-12-000-ha-a-octroyer-a-herakles-farms
- Pauron, Michael (2013), “Cameroun: la Gestion des Terres en Question,” Jeune Afrique, 12
- Juillet (2013);
- http://economie.jeuneafrique.com/regions/afrique-subsaharienne/18458-cameroun-la-gestion-des-terres-en-question.html
- Posluschny-Treuner, Myra (2012), “International Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in Ethiopia: The Key to Trigger Agricultural Modernization, Development and Poverty Reduction?”, Paper presented at the 4th ECPR Graduate Conference, Jacobs University, Bremen 04
- July - 06 July (2012); http://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/188c56b8-10a2-4a9d-8706-12bbe0ace6fc.pdf
- Prášková, Dagmar Milerová (2012), Land Grabs in Africa: A Threat to Food Security, Prague Global Policy Institute, Prague (January).
- “The Scramble for African Land”, http://www.oaklandinstitute.org/scramble-african-land, 22 October 2012.
- Thaler, Kai (2013), “Large-Scale Land Acquisitions and Social Conflict in Africa”, Food Sovereignty: A Critical Dialogue International Conference, Yale University, 14-15
- September (2013), Conference Paper No: 22.
- http://www.iss.nl/fileadmin/ASSETS/iss/Research_and_projects/Research_networks/ICAS/22_Thaler_2013.pdf
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Haziran 2014 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 4 Mart 2016 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2014 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1 |
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