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Year 2022, Issue: 53, 595 - 616, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1175270

Abstract

References

  • Ali, Mohamed Mohamed Yunis. Medieval Islamic Pragmatics: Sunni Legal Theorists' Models of Textual Communication. Richmond, Surrey: Routledge, 2000.
  • Ali Tariq. The Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades Jihads and Modernity. London: Verso, 2002.
  • Al-Azmeh, Aziz. Islams and Modernities. London and New York: Verso, 1993.
  • Bashir, Shahzad. “On Islamic Time: Rethinking Chronology in the Historiography of Muslim Societies.” History and Theory 53 (December 2014), 519-544.
  • Davis, Kathleen. Periodization and Sovereignty: How Ideas of Feudalism and Secularization Govern the Politics of Time. The Middle Ages Series. Edited by Ruth Mazo Karras and Edward Peters. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press: 2008.
  • Ebrahim, Muhammed Shahid and Sheikh, Mustapha. “The Political Economy and Underdevelopment of the Muslim World: A Juridico-Philosophical Perspective.” In Bangor Business School Working Paper No. BBSWP/12/011 (October 1, 2012). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2171175 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2171175.
  • El Shamsy, Ahmed and Coulson, Noel James. "Sharia." Encyclopedia Britannica, August 25, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shariah.
  • Halliday, Fred. “‘Orientalism’ and Its Critics.” In British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 20, no. 2 (1993): 145–63. http://www.jstor.org/stable/195877.
  • Morgan, Michael Hamilton. Lost History: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Scientists, Thinkers and Artists. Washington: National Geographic, 2007.
  • Hourani, Albert. “Islam and the Philosophers of History.” In Middle Eastern Studies Vol. 3, No. 3 (April 1967), 206-268. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4282205.
  • Islahi, Abdul Azim. Review of “The long divergence: how Islamic law held back the Middle East by Timur Kuran.” In Journal of King Abdulaziz University - Islamic Economics, Vol. 25, No. 2 (2012): pp. 253-261.
  • Korucu, Bünyamin. “Amaç, Yapı ve İşleyiş Yönünden Fıkıh Mezhebi.” PhD Dissertation, Marmara University, 2022. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp.
  • Korucu, Bünyamin. "Fıkıhta İnsan Davranışının Ölçülmesi". Universal Journal of Theology 5 / 2 (Aralık 2020): 43-76.
  • Kuran, Timur. The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East. Princeton University Press: New Jersey, 20111.
  • Kuran, Timur. “Why the Middle East Is Economically Underdeveloped: Historical Mechanisms of Institutional Stagnation.” In The Journal of Economic Perspectives 18, no. 3 (2004): 71–90. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3216807.
  • Lockman, Zachary. Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism Second Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  • Owen, Roger. “Studying Islamic History.” Review of The Cambridge History of Islam by Peter M. Holt, A. K. S. Lambton, and Bernard Lewis. In The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 4, no. 2 (1973): 287–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/202268.
  • Owen, Roger. “The Middle East in the Eighteenth Century --An 'Islamic' Society in Decline? A Critique of Gibb and Bowen's Islamic Society and the West.” Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies), Vol. 3, No. 2 (1976), 110-117.
  • Renan, Ernest. “L’Islamisme et la Science.” Paper presented at Conference University of Sorbonne, Paris, 29 March 1883.
  • Rodinson, Maxime. Europe and the Mystique of Islam. Translated by Roger Veinus. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1987.
  • Sadowski, Yahya. “The New Orientalism and the Democracy Debate.” In Middle East Report, no. 183 (1993): 14–40. https://doi.org/10.2307/3012572.
  • Saunders, John Joseph. “The Problem of Islamic Decadence.” In Journal of World History Vol. 7 (1963), 701-720.
  • Tatar, Burhanettin. "Kutsal Metin ve Otorite: Tarihsel-Fenomenolojik Bir Analiz". In Milel ve Nihal 14 (2017): 64-76.
  • Topal, Ahmet. The Autobiography of Taşköprülüzâde: The Study of Pre-modern Autobiographical Writing in the Arabic Literary Tradition. Istanbul: Gümüşev Yayıncılık, 2021.
  • Topal, Ahmet. "Arap Edebiyati Otobiyografi Yazin Geleneği: Taşköprüzâde Örneği.” In Universal Journal of Theology 6 / 1 (Haziran 2021): 183-205.
  • Topal, Ahmet. “The Role of the Arabic Language in istinbāṭ al-ḥukm within the Context of Criminal law: A General Framework for Inquiry into the Linguistic Categories of uṣūl al-fiqh of the Ḥanafī school of law”. PhD dissertation, Leeds University, 2020.
  • Waardenburg, J.D.J. ‘Mustas̲h̲riḳūn’. In Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs, P.J. Bearman (Volumes X, XI, XII), Th. Bianquis (Volumes X, XI, XII), et al. Accessed September 14, 2022. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0818.
  • Watt, W. Montgomery. The Influence of Islam on Medieval Europe. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1972.

İslâm Hukûku İslâm Medeniyeti'nin Gerilemesine Sebep Oldu Mu?

Year 2022, Issue: 53, 595 - 616, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1175270

Abstract

İslâm medeniyeti neden gerilemiştir sorusu ve bu soruya cevap vermek üzere ortaya atılan teoriler, İslâmî çalışmalar alanında önemli bir tartışma alanı oluşturmuştur. Bu makale, bu meseleyi ele alan bir teoriyi incelemeye tabi tutmaktadır. Bu teoriye göre yaşamın her yanını kuşatan İslâm hukuku, İslâm Medeniyeti’nin gerilemesinin ve bir daha dirilişe geçememesinin başlıca sebeplerinden biri olarak görülmektedir. Saunders tarafından sunulan bu hipotezin doğruluğunu ölçmek üzere, bu makale ilgili literatürü analiz etmektedir ve bu iddianın, 18.-19. y.y.’larda yaşamış oryantalistlerin birçok eleştiri almış olan ön kabullerine dayandığını tespit etmektedir. İlâveten, ve daha da önemlisi, bu teorinin kendi içinde çelişik olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çünkü eğer İslâm hukûku, İslâm medeniyetinin gerilemesinin ve takrar ayağa kalkamamasının sebebi olsaydı, onun ilk defa yükselişe geçmesine de izin vermezdi.

References

  • Ali, Mohamed Mohamed Yunis. Medieval Islamic Pragmatics: Sunni Legal Theorists' Models of Textual Communication. Richmond, Surrey: Routledge, 2000.
  • Ali Tariq. The Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades Jihads and Modernity. London: Verso, 2002.
  • Al-Azmeh, Aziz. Islams and Modernities. London and New York: Verso, 1993.
  • Bashir, Shahzad. “On Islamic Time: Rethinking Chronology in the Historiography of Muslim Societies.” History and Theory 53 (December 2014), 519-544.
  • Davis, Kathleen. Periodization and Sovereignty: How Ideas of Feudalism and Secularization Govern the Politics of Time. The Middle Ages Series. Edited by Ruth Mazo Karras and Edward Peters. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press: 2008.
  • Ebrahim, Muhammed Shahid and Sheikh, Mustapha. “The Political Economy and Underdevelopment of the Muslim World: A Juridico-Philosophical Perspective.” In Bangor Business School Working Paper No. BBSWP/12/011 (October 1, 2012). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2171175 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2171175.
  • El Shamsy, Ahmed and Coulson, Noel James. "Sharia." Encyclopedia Britannica, August 25, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shariah.
  • Halliday, Fred. “‘Orientalism’ and Its Critics.” In British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 20, no. 2 (1993): 145–63. http://www.jstor.org/stable/195877.
  • Morgan, Michael Hamilton. Lost History: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Scientists, Thinkers and Artists. Washington: National Geographic, 2007.
  • Hourani, Albert. “Islam and the Philosophers of History.” In Middle Eastern Studies Vol. 3, No. 3 (April 1967), 206-268. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4282205.
  • Islahi, Abdul Azim. Review of “The long divergence: how Islamic law held back the Middle East by Timur Kuran.” In Journal of King Abdulaziz University - Islamic Economics, Vol. 25, No. 2 (2012): pp. 253-261.
  • Korucu, Bünyamin. “Amaç, Yapı ve İşleyiş Yönünden Fıkıh Mezhebi.” PhD Dissertation, Marmara University, 2022. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp.
  • Korucu, Bünyamin. "Fıkıhta İnsan Davranışının Ölçülmesi". Universal Journal of Theology 5 / 2 (Aralık 2020): 43-76.
  • Kuran, Timur. The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East. Princeton University Press: New Jersey, 20111.
  • Kuran, Timur. “Why the Middle East Is Economically Underdeveloped: Historical Mechanisms of Institutional Stagnation.” In The Journal of Economic Perspectives 18, no. 3 (2004): 71–90. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3216807.
  • Lockman, Zachary. Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism Second Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  • Owen, Roger. “Studying Islamic History.” Review of The Cambridge History of Islam by Peter M. Holt, A. K. S. Lambton, and Bernard Lewis. In The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 4, no. 2 (1973): 287–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/202268.
  • Owen, Roger. “The Middle East in the Eighteenth Century --An 'Islamic' Society in Decline? A Critique of Gibb and Bowen's Islamic Society and the West.” Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies), Vol. 3, No. 2 (1976), 110-117.
  • Renan, Ernest. “L’Islamisme et la Science.” Paper presented at Conference University of Sorbonne, Paris, 29 March 1883.
  • Rodinson, Maxime. Europe and the Mystique of Islam. Translated by Roger Veinus. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1987.
  • Sadowski, Yahya. “The New Orientalism and the Democracy Debate.” In Middle East Report, no. 183 (1993): 14–40. https://doi.org/10.2307/3012572.
  • Saunders, John Joseph. “The Problem of Islamic Decadence.” In Journal of World History Vol. 7 (1963), 701-720.
  • Tatar, Burhanettin. "Kutsal Metin ve Otorite: Tarihsel-Fenomenolojik Bir Analiz". In Milel ve Nihal 14 (2017): 64-76.
  • Topal, Ahmet. The Autobiography of Taşköprülüzâde: The Study of Pre-modern Autobiographical Writing in the Arabic Literary Tradition. Istanbul: Gümüşev Yayıncılık, 2021.
  • Topal, Ahmet. "Arap Edebiyati Otobiyografi Yazin Geleneği: Taşköprüzâde Örneği.” In Universal Journal of Theology 6 / 1 (Haziran 2021): 183-205.
  • Topal, Ahmet. “The Role of the Arabic Language in istinbāṭ al-ḥukm within the Context of Criminal law: A General Framework for Inquiry into the Linguistic Categories of uṣūl al-fiqh of the Ḥanafī school of law”. PhD dissertation, Leeds University, 2020.
  • Waardenburg, J.D.J. ‘Mustas̲h̲riḳūn’. In Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs, P.J. Bearman (Volumes X, XI, XII), Th. Bianquis (Volumes X, XI, XII), et al. Accessed September 14, 2022. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0818.
  • Watt, W. Montgomery. The Influence of Islam on Medieval Europe. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1972.

Did Islamic Law Cause Islamic Civilization to Decline?

Year 2022, Issue: 53, 595 - 616, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1175270

Abstract

The question of why Islamic ‘civilization’ declined, and the theories proposed to provide an answer to that question constitute a significant topic of discussion within the field of Islamic studies. This paper focuses on one of the theories advanced to deal with this important question, a theory which claims that ‘the all-embracing Islamic law was one of the primary causes behind Islamic civilization’s decline and its inability to revive’. In an effort to scrutinize the integrity of this theory as it is presented by Saunders, the present work analyzes relevant literature. This paper finds that such a theory relies heavily on certain assumptions of 18th and 19th century Orientalists. Most importantly, it argues that such a theory is self-contradictory because if it was Islamic law that caused the decline of Islamic ‘civilization,’ it could have not allowed it to rise in the first place.

References

  • Ali, Mohamed Mohamed Yunis. Medieval Islamic Pragmatics: Sunni Legal Theorists' Models of Textual Communication. Richmond, Surrey: Routledge, 2000.
  • Ali Tariq. The Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades Jihads and Modernity. London: Verso, 2002.
  • Al-Azmeh, Aziz. Islams and Modernities. London and New York: Verso, 1993.
  • Bashir, Shahzad. “On Islamic Time: Rethinking Chronology in the Historiography of Muslim Societies.” History and Theory 53 (December 2014), 519-544.
  • Davis, Kathleen. Periodization and Sovereignty: How Ideas of Feudalism and Secularization Govern the Politics of Time. The Middle Ages Series. Edited by Ruth Mazo Karras and Edward Peters. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press: 2008.
  • Ebrahim, Muhammed Shahid and Sheikh, Mustapha. “The Political Economy and Underdevelopment of the Muslim World: A Juridico-Philosophical Perspective.” In Bangor Business School Working Paper No. BBSWP/12/011 (October 1, 2012). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2171175 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2171175.
  • El Shamsy, Ahmed and Coulson, Noel James. "Sharia." Encyclopedia Britannica, August 25, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shariah.
  • Halliday, Fred. “‘Orientalism’ and Its Critics.” In British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 20, no. 2 (1993): 145–63. http://www.jstor.org/stable/195877.
  • Morgan, Michael Hamilton. Lost History: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Scientists, Thinkers and Artists. Washington: National Geographic, 2007.
  • Hourani, Albert. “Islam and the Philosophers of History.” In Middle Eastern Studies Vol. 3, No. 3 (April 1967), 206-268. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4282205.
  • Islahi, Abdul Azim. Review of “The long divergence: how Islamic law held back the Middle East by Timur Kuran.” In Journal of King Abdulaziz University - Islamic Economics, Vol. 25, No. 2 (2012): pp. 253-261.
  • Korucu, Bünyamin. “Amaç, Yapı ve İşleyiş Yönünden Fıkıh Mezhebi.” PhD Dissertation, Marmara University, 2022. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp.
  • Korucu, Bünyamin. "Fıkıhta İnsan Davranışının Ölçülmesi". Universal Journal of Theology 5 / 2 (Aralık 2020): 43-76.
  • Kuran, Timur. The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East. Princeton University Press: New Jersey, 20111.
  • Kuran, Timur. “Why the Middle East Is Economically Underdeveloped: Historical Mechanisms of Institutional Stagnation.” In The Journal of Economic Perspectives 18, no. 3 (2004): 71–90. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3216807.
  • Lockman, Zachary. Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism Second Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  • Owen, Roger. “Studying Islamic History.” Review of The Cambridge History of Islam by Peter M. Holt, A. K. S. Lambton, and Bernard Lewis. In The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 4, no. 2 (1973): 287–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/202268.
  • Owen, Roger. “The Middle East in the Eighteenth Century --An 'Islamic' Society in Decline? A Critique of Gibb and Bowen's Islamic Society and the West.” Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies), Vol. 3, No. 2 (1976), 110-117.
  • Renan, Ernest. “L’Islamisme et la Science.” Paper presented at Conference University of Sorbonne, Paris, 29 March 1883.
  • Rodinson, Maxime. Europe and the Mystique of Islam. Translated by Roger Veinus. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1987.
  • Sadowski, Yahya. “The New Orientalism and the Democracy Debate.” In Middle East Report, no. 183 (1993): 14–40. https://doi.org/10.2307/3012572.
  • Saunders, John Joseph. “The Problem of Islamic Decadence.” In Journal of World History Vol. 7 (1963), 701-720.
  • Tatar, Burhanettin. "Kutsal Metin ve Otorite: Tarihsel-Fenomenolojik Bir Analiz". In Milel ve Nihal 14 (2017): 64-76.
  • Topal, Ahmet. The Autobiography of Taşköprülüzâde: The Study of Pre-modern Autobiographical Writing in the Arabic Literary Tradition. Istanbul: Gümüşev Yayıncılık, 2021.
  • Topal, Ahmet. "Arap Edebiyati Otobiyografi Yazin Geleneği: Taşköprüzâde Örneği.” In Universal Journal of Theology 6 / 1 (Haziran 2021): 183-205.
  • Topal, Ahmet. “The Role of the Arabic Language in istinbāṭ al-ḥukm within the Context of Criminal law: A General Framework for Inquiry into the Linguistic Categories of uṣūl al-fiqh of the Ḥanafī school of law”. PhD dissertation, Leeds University, 2020.
  • Waardenburg, J.D.J. ‘Mustas̲h̲riḳūn’. In Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs, P.J. Bearman (Volumes X, XI, XII), Th. Bianquis (Volumes X, XI, XII), et al. Accessed September 14, 2022. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0818.
  • Watt, W. Montgomery. The Influence of Islam on Medieval Europe. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1972.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ahmet Topal 0000-0003-3127-1674

Publication Date December 30, 2022
Submission Date September 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 53

Cite

ISNAD Topal, Ahmet. “Did Islamic Law Cause Islamic Civilization to Decline?”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi -/53 (December 2022), 595-616. https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1175270.