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Origen’in Evrensel Kurtuluş Anlayışı: Apokatastasis

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 1198 - 1217, 15.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.51702/esoguifd.1138028

Abstract

Düşmüş bütün ruhların başlangıçtaki orijinal saf akıl konumlarına geri dönmeleri şeklinde tanımladığı apokatastasis doktrini Origen’in teolojik öğretileri arasında önemli bir örnektir. Ancak bu doktrin onun teolojisinin en tartışmalı konularından da biridir. Zira sonun başlangıca benzemesi gerektiğine inanan Origen, bu yolda insan özgürlüğü ve Tanrı’nın takdiriyle insanlık için oluşturduğu planı bağdaştırmak suretiyle tüm varlıkların nihai olarak kurtuluşa ereceği evrensel bir kurtuluş anlayışı sunmaktadır.
Origen’in bu öğretisinin kendisinden sonraki döneme etkisi özellikle apokatastasis doktrininin destekçileri olan Didymus The Blind, Gregory of Nyssa, Evagrius ve Gregory of Nazianzus gibi teologlar üzerinde aşikardır. Bu bağlamda o, yalnızca erken dönemde değil geçmişten günümüze kilise içerisinde evrensel kurtuluş anlayışı ile tartışmalarda görüşlerine yer verilen ana figürlerden biridir. Bu çalışmada amacımız Origen’in eserlerinden hareketle konu ile ilgili ifadelerini kapsamlı ve analitik bir tarzda inceleyerek apokatastasis fenomeninin mahiyetini ortaya koyabilmektir. Alanımızda bu çerçevede müstakil bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu bağlamda kurtuluş teorisinin modern düşüncelerle bağlantılı olan ilk dönem görüş ve yorumlarının ele alınması hem patristik zihniyetin daha eksiksiz bir resmini elde etmemize yardımcı olması hem de apokatastasis doktrini ve evrensel kurtuluş anlayışı ile ilgili daha fazla çalışmaya zemin hazırlaması açısından önem arz etmektedir.

References

  • Biriukov, Dmitry. “Paradigms of Participation in Origen”. Scrinium 13/1 (2017), 277-290.
  • Bernstein, Alan E. The Formation of Hell: Death and Retribution in the Ancient and Early Christian Worlds. London: UCL Press, 1993.
  • Cameron, Nigel M. de S. Universalism and the Doctrine of Hell. London: Paternoster Press. 1992.
  • Clark, Elizabeth. The Origenist Controversy: The Cultural Construction of an Early Christian Debate. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
  • Crouzel, Henri. Origen. çev. A. S. Worrall. Oregon: Wipf & Stock, 2016.
  • Daley, Brian E. The Hope of the Early Church: A Handbook of Patristic Eschatology. Grand Rapis: Baker Academic, 2002.
  • Danielou, Jean. Origen. çev. Walter Mitchell. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1955.
  • Diveley Lauro, Elizabeth Ann. “Universalism”. The Westminster Handbook to Origen. ed. John A. McGuckin. 211-214. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004.
  • Edwards, Mark. “Origen of Alexandria”. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Patristics. ed. Ken Parry. 98-110. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2019.
  • Edwards, Mark. “Deification in the Alexandrian Tradition”. Visions of God and Ideas on Deification in Patristic Thought. ed. Mark Edwards – Elena Ene D-Vasilescu. 74-88. New York: Routledge, 2017.
  • Edwards, Mark. Origen against Plato. United Kingdom: Hampshire Ashgate Publishing, 2002.
  • Greggs, Tom. “Apokatastasis: Particularist Universalism in Origen”. All Shall Be Well: Explorations in Universal Salvation and Christian Theology, from Origen to Moltmann. ed. Gregory Macdonald. 29-46. Cambridge: The Lutterworth Press, 2011.
  • Jacobsen, Anders Christian. “Freedom and Providence in Origen’s Teology”. Church Studies 4 (2008), 65-77.
  • Jackson, B. Darrell. “Sources of Origen’s Doctrine of Freedom”. Church History 35/1 (1966), 13-23.
  • Kitabı Mukaddes. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, 2. Basım, 2003.
  • Koval, Bohdan. “Origen’s Interpretation of 1 Cor. 15:24–28 in the Context of His Teaching of Apokatastasis”. Academia.edu. Erişim 20 Şubat 2022. https://www.academia.edu/41243007/Origens_Interpretation_of_1_Cor_15_24_28_in_the_Context_of_His_Teaching_of_Apokatastasis
  • Origen. “Commentary on the Gospel according to Matthew Book 15”. çev. Justin M. Gohl. Academia.edu. Erişim 10 Şubat 2022. https://www.academia.edu/31581897/Origen_of_Alexandrias_Commentary_on_Matthew_Book_15_An_English_Translation_Revised_2019
  • Origen. Commentary on Romans. çev. Thomas P. Scheck. Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 2002.
  • Origen. Homilies on Numbers. çev. Thomas P. Scheck. ed. Christopher A. Hall. İllinois: An Imprit of InterVarsity Press, 2009.
  • Origen. On First Principles. çev. G. W. Butterworth. Indiana: Ave Maria Press, 2013.
  • Plaxco, Kellen. “Participation and Trinity in Origen and Didymus the Blind”. Origeniana Undecima Origen and Origenism in the History of Western Thought. Papers of the 11th International Origen Congress. ed. Ander Christian Jacobsen. 767-782. Belgium: Leuven Peeters, 2016.
  • Ramelli, Ilaria. The Christian Doctrine of Apokatastasis: A Critical Assessment from the New Testament to Eriugena. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
  • Ramelli, Ilaria. A Larger Hope? Vol. 1: Universal Salvation form Christian Beginnings to Julian of Norwich. Eugene: Cascade Books, 2019.
  • Russell, Norman. The Doctrine of Deification in the Greek Patristic Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Trigg, Joseph Wilson. Origen The Bible and Philosophy in the Third-century Church. Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1983.
  • Walls, Jerry L. “Universalism in Origen’s First Principles”. The Asbury Seminarian 36/2 (1981), 1-13.

Origen's Conception of Universal Salvation: Apokatastasis

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 1198 - 1217, 15.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.51702/esoguifd.1138028

Abstract

The doctrine of apokatastasis, which he describes as the return of all souls to their original pure state of mind, is an important example among Origen's theological teachings. However, this doctrine is also one of the most controversial issues in his theology. Believing that the end should resemble the beginning, Origen offers a universal understanding of salvation in which all beings will ultimately be saved by reconciling human freedom and the plan that createdby God for humanity.
The effect of this teaching of Origen on the period after him is especially evident on theologians who were supporters of the apokatastasis doctrine, such as Didymus The Blind, Gregory of Nyssa, Evagrius and Gregory of Nazianzus. In this context, he is one of the main figures whose views are included not only in the early period, but also in the discussions with the understanding of universal salvation within the church from past to present. In this study, our aim is to reveal the nature of the apokatastasis phenomenon by examining Origen's statements on the subject in a comprehensive and analytical manner based on his works. There is no independent study in this framework in our field. In this context, it is important to consider the early views and interpretations of the salvation theory, which are related to modern thoughts, both in terms of helping us retrieve a fuller picture of the patristic mindset and laying the groundwork for further studies on the doctrine of apokatastasis and the understanding of universal salvation.

References

  • Biriukov, Dmitry. “Paradigms of Participation in Origen”. Scrinium 13/1 (2017), 277-290.
  • Bernstein, Alan E. The Formation of Hell: Death and Retribution in the Ancient and Early Christian Worlds. London: UCL Press, 1993.
  • Cameron, Nigel M. de S. Universalism and the Doctrine of Hell. London: Paternoster Press. 1992.
  • Clark, Elizabeth. The Origenist Controversy: The Cultural Construction of an Early Christian Debate. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
  • Crouzel, Henri. Origen. çev. A. S. Worrall. Oregon: Wipf & Stock, 2016.
  • Daley, Brian E. The Hope of the Early Church: A Handbook of Patristic Eschatology. Grand Rapis: Baker Academic, 2002.
  • Danielou, Jean. Origen. çev. Walter Mitchell. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1955.
  • Diveley Lauro, Elizabeth Ann. “Universalism”. The Westminster Handbook to Origen. ed. John A. McGuckin. 211-214. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004.
  • Edwards, Mark. “Origen of Alexandria”. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Patristics. ed. Ken Parry. 98-110. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2019.
  • Edwards, Mark. “Deification in the Alexandrian Tradition”. Visions of God and Ideas on Deification in Patristic Thought. ed. Mark Edwards – Elena Ene D-Vasilescu. 74-88. New York: Routledge, 2017.
  • Edwards, Mark. Origen against Plato. United Kingdom: Hampshire Ashgate Publishing, 2002.
  • Greggs, Tom. “Apokatastasis: Particularist Universalism in Origen”. All Shall Be Well: Explorations in Universal Salvation and Christian Theology, from Origen to Moltmann. ed. Gregory Macdonald. 29-46. Cambridge: The Lutterworth Press, 2011.
  • Jacobsen, Anders Christian. “Freedom and Providence in Origen’s Teology”. Church Studies 4 (2008), 65-77.
  • Jackson, B. Darrell. “Sources of Origen’s Doctrine of Freedom”. Church History 35/1 (1966), 13-23.
  • Kitabı Mukaddes. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, 2. Basım, 2003.
  • Koval, Bohdan. “Origen’s Interpretation of 1 Cor. 15:24–28 in the Context of His Teaching of Apokatastasis”. Academia.edu. Erişim 20 Şubat 2022. https://www.academia.edu/41243007/Origens_Interpretation_of_1_Cor_15_24_28_in_the_Context_of_His_Teaching_of_Apokatastasis
  • Origen. “Commentary on the Gospel according to Matthew Book 15”. çev. Justin M. Gohl. Academia.edu. Erişim 10 Şubat 2022. https://www.academia.edu/31581897/Origen_of_Alexandrias_Commentary_on_Matthew_Book_15_An_English_Translation_Revised_2019
  • Origen. Commentary on Romans. çev. Thomas P. Scheck. Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 2002.
  • Origen. Homilies on Numbers. çev. Thomas P. Scheck. ed. Christopher A. Hall. İllinois: An Imprit of InterVarsity Press, 2009.
  • Origen. On First Principles. çev. G. W. Butterworth. Indiana: Ave Maria Press, 2013.
  • Plaxco, Kellen. “Participation and Trinity in Origen and Didymus the Blind”. Origeniana Undecima Origen and Origenism in the History of Western Thought. Papers of the 11th International Origen Congress. ed. Ander Christian Jacobsen. 767-782. Belgium: Leuven Peeters, 2016.
  • Ramelli, Ilaria. The Christian Doctrine of Apokatastasis: A Critical Assessment from the New Testament to Eriugena. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
  • Ramelli, Ilaria. A Larger Hope? Vol. 1: Universal Salvation form Christian Beginnings to Julian of Norwich. Eugene: Cascade Books, 2019.
  • Russell, Norman. The Doctrine of Deification in the Greek Patristic Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Trigg, Joseph Wilson. Origen The Bible and Philosophy in the Third-century Church. Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1983.
  • Walls, Jerry L. “Universalism in Origen’s First Principles”. The Asbury Seminarian 36/2 (1981), 1-13.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nadide Şahin 0000-0001-8986-3686

Publication Date September 15, 2022
Submission Date June 29, 2022
Acceptance Date August 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

ISNAD Şahin, Nadide. “Origen’in Evrensel Kurtuluş Anlayışı: Apokatastasis”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 9/2 (September 2022), 1198-1217. https://doi.org/10.51702/esoguifd.1138028.

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